Linux Soft RAID 1(미러링) 실제 구성과정 - mdadm 활용 && LVM 조회(1219)
Linux | 2007/03/25 (일) 21:19 추천하기(0) | 스크랩하기(1)
출처: http://blog.naver.com/dreamid/140040776587
1. LVM (Logical Volume Manager)
: 여러개의 HDD를 합쳐서 하나의 파일 시스템으로 사용하는것.
용량 제한이 없고 HDD의 모델에 상관 없다.(RAID와 비교)
*만드는방법
① 여러개의 HDD추가
② fdisk [n (추가) --> t (Hex코드입력:8e) --> w(실행)]
③ vgscan (Enterprise3까지 이후버전은 패스~)
④ Physical Volume생성
--> LVM장치의 일부로 사용하기 위한 포멧(여러개의 장치를 하나로 붙이기 위해 각각의 장치에 본드를 바르는 셈)
pvcreate [장치명]
⑤ Volum Group 만들기
--> 여러개의 HDD를 하나로 묶음
vgcreate [볼륨그룹명] [장치명1] [장치명2]...
vgcreate khvg /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1
⑥ Logical Group 만들기
-->파티션을 나누는 개념.
lvcreate [옵션] [볼륨그룹이름]
lvcreate -L 600m -n khvg1 khvg
--> -L 추가될 용량을 지정.
--> -n 실제로 사용되어질 이름(임의로 지정 가능)
⑦ mkfs로 포멧
mkfs.ext3 /dev/khvg/khvg1
⑧ 마운트 하기
mount /dev/khvg/khvg1 /disk3 (루트에 disk3 디렉터리가 있어야함)
*논리그룹에 용량 추가하기
① 용량을 추가할 새로운 HDD추가
② fdisk로 파티션 잡아주고 Hex 8e로 변경
③ vgscan
④ pvcreate /dev/sdf1
⑤ vgextend [볼륨명] [장치명]
vgextend khvg /dev/sdf1
⑥ *LVM1일 경우 : e2fsadm -L 700m /dev/khvg/khvg1
LVM2일 경우 : ext2online /dev/khvg/khvg1 700
⑦ 마운트
*논리그룹 삭제하기
① umount
② lvremove [장치명]
③ vgchange -a n [장치명] --> vg비활성화
④ vgremove [장치명]
*이외 LVM에서 사용되어지는 명령어
vgdisplay [vg명] --> 생성된 vg의 정보를 표시
lvdisplay [lv명] --> 생성된 lv의 정보를 표시
lvrename --> lv이름변경
2. 레이드의 개념
* RAID 0
정보가 나뉘어서 들어감. ∴ 정보의 입력이 빠르다
결함을 허용하지 않는다.
* RAID 1
HDD1의 자료가 HDD2로 mirroring 된다. ∴ 정보의 입력이 느리다
TCO가 올라간다.
결함을 허용한다.
* RAID 5
RAID0과 RAID1의 단점을 보완.
두대가 동시에 뻑갈경우 복구 불가.(RAID6에서 보완)
3. 레이드 만들기
RAID0 만들기 <Enterprise 3 이전버전>
① HDD 2개 추가
② fdisk (n -> t -> fd설정 -> w)
③ cp /usr/share/doc/raidtools-1.00.3/raidtab.sample /etc/raidtab
④ vi /etc/raidtab 으로 raid0과 관련없는것 주석처리 후 편집(md1~31지정, ...)
⑤ mkraid /dev/md1
⑥ raidstart /dev/md1
⑦ mkfs.ext3 /dev/md1
⑧ 마운트 시키기
RAID0 만들기 <Enterprise 4 이후버전>
①~② 상동
③ mdadm --creat /dev/md1 --level=0 --raid-device=2 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb2
④ mkfs.ext3 /dev/md1
⑤ 마운트 시키기
* mdadm --detail -scan 레이드의 정보출력
--add 레이드 추가
* lsraid -p [장치명] : RAID의 정보를 보여준다. 장치명은 생략가능
* RAID1과 RAID5만들기는 RAID0만들기와 유사. raidtab 수정이 약간 다름.
HDD에러로 삭제 후 다른 HDD추가 하기
① 추가된 HDD fdisk 실행
② 추가된 HDD mkfs.ext3실행
③ startraid -a
④ raidhotadd /dev/md1 /dev/sdc1
****HDD삭제시 0:1,0:2(vmware상에서) 중 0:2 삭제할것. 즉 마지막 hdd삭제 추천!! 0:1삭제후 HDD추가하면 추가 안됨........뷁.. 실무에서 뭐가 고장날지 모르는데 다른 hdd가 고장나면 어떻게 해야될지...
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Linux Soft RAID 1(미러링) 실제 구성과정 - mdadm 활용
원본출처 : http://blog.funnux.info/tag/mdadm
본 문서자료는 본인 최광민에 의해 작성된것이며 자유롭게 재배포가 가능하나 상업적용도로 사용할수없습니다.또한 배포시는 원작성자(본인)의 이름과 자료의 출처를 반드시 명시하여야 하며 절대 원 작성자(본인)와의 별도의 협의 없이 본 문서를 바탕으로한 수정 및 가공을 통한 재배포 행위는 용납하지 않음을 밝힙니다. 위사항들의 위반으로 인해 발생되는 모든 법적 책임은 배포자에게 있음을 알려 드립니다.
2006. 08. 01. - Linuxer광민 -
수정요청 및 문의메일 : help@rootchoi.info
※ 다음 과정은 시스템을 초기 설치시 RAID 1 레벨을 구성하는것이 아닌 이미 설치된 시스템에 디스크 두개를 추가하여 구성하는 방식입니다.
또한 일반적으로 많이 알려진 raidtools를 이용한 raid 구성이 아닌 mdadm을 이용한 구성입니다. 참고 하시기 바랍니다.
▶ fdisk 명령으로 레이드를 구성할 디스크 디바이스 확인 및 /dev/sdb와 sdc를 파티셔닝 작업
[root@RAID-Sever ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 19 152586 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 20 83 514080 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 84 1103 8193150 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 1104 2610 12104977+ 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 1104 1234 1052226 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda6 1235 1361 1020096 83 Linux
/dev/sda7 1362 1488 1020096 83 Linux
/dev/sda8 1489 1552 514048+ 83 Linux
/dev/sda9 1553 2610 8498353+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Disk /dev/sdc: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]# fdisk /dev/sd
sda sda1 sda2 sda3 sda4 sda5 sda6 sda7 sda8 sda9 sdb sdc
[root@RAID-Sever ~]# fdisk /dev/sd
sda sda1 sda2 sda3 sda4 sda5 sda6 sda7 sda8 sda9 sdb sdc
[root@RAID-Sever ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): q
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-261, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-261, default 261):
Using default value 261
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): fd
Changed system type of partition 1 to fd (Linux raid autodetect)
Command (m for help): l
0 Empty 1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot
1 FAT12 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
6 FAT16 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
7 HPFS/NTFS 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee EFI GPT
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fd Linux raid auto
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fe LANstep
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid ff BBT
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 261 2096451 fd Linux raid autodetect
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-261, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-261, default 261):
Using default value 261
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): fd
Changed system type of partition 1 to fd (Linux raid autodetect)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 1 261 2096451 fd Linux raid autodetect
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
▶ 시스템에 현재 구성된 레이드 노드를 확인
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]# export LANG=C
[root@RAID-Sever ~]# ls -la /dev/md
ls: /dev/md: No such file or directory
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]# ls -la /dev/md*
brw-r----- 1 root disk 9, 0 Dec 21 08:27 /dev/md0
▶ 시스템에 현재 /dev/md0 라는 레이드 노드가 이미 구성되어 있기 때문에 rm 명령으로 해당 디바이스명을 삭제하거나 혹은 다음과 같이 추가
[root@RAID-Sever ~]# mknod /dev/md1 b 9 1
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
▶ mdadm 명령으로 레이드 레벨을 구성하고 해당 디바이스를 구성
[root@RAID-Sever ~]# mdadm --create /dev/md1 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1
mdadm: /dev/sdb1 appears to contain an ext2fs file system
size=2096448K mtime=Wed Dec 21 07:42:55 2005
Continue creating array?
Continue creating array? (y/n)
Continue creating array? (y/n) y
mdadm: array /dev/md1 started.
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
▶ mdadm 명령으로 해당 디바이스가 잘 구성되었는지 스캔
[root@RAID-Sever ~]# mdadm --detail --scan
ARRAY /dev/md1 level=raid1 num-devices=2 UUID=1a87ce48:f0917a06:4120df55:7dfe1c95
devices=/dev/sdb1,/dev/sdc1
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]# clear
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
▶ RAID 1 레벨로 구성된 레이드 노드 디바이스를 ext3로 포멧
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/md1
mke2fs 1.37 (21-Mar-2005)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
262144 inodes, 524096 blocks
26204 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=536870912
16 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16384 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 32 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
▶ 레이드가 구성된 /dev/md1 디바이스를 raid_disk 라는 디렉토리로 마운트
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]# mkdir /raid_disk
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]# mount /dev/md1 /raid_disk
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda7 988088 217296 719788 24% /
/dev/sda1 147764 11319 128816 9% /boot
/dev/shm 62892 0 62892 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda9 8232040 51548 7755576 1% /home
/dev/sda6 988088 17676 919408 2% /opt
/dev/sda2 497861 11576 460581 3% /tmp
/dev/sda3 7936288 6772748 753884 90% /usr
/dev/sda8 497829 160064 312063 34% /var
/dev/md1 2063440 35880 1922744 2% /raid_disk
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
▶ 추가된 노드 디바이스와 마운트 정보를 fstab 에 기록
[root@RAID-Sever ~]# vi /etc/fstab
# This file is edited by fstab-sync - see 'man fstab-sync' for details
LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1
LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2
/dev/devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
/dev/shm /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
LABEL=/home /home ext3 defaults 1 2
/dev/md1 /raid_disk ext3 defaults 1 2
LABEL=/opt /opt ext3 defaults 1 2
/dev/proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/sys /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
LABEL=/tmp /tmp ext3 defaults 1 2
LABEL=/usr /usr ext3 defaults 1 2
LABEL=/var /var ext3 defaults 1 2
LABEL=SWAP-sda5 swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/fd0 /media/floppy auto pamconsole,exec,noauto,managed 0 0
"/etc/fstab" 16L, 1215C written
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]# clear
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]# init 6
▶ 디스크를 하나 제거후 status 메시지 확인후 다시 디스크를 추가하는 작업
[root@RAID-Sever ~]# mdadm --detail --scan
ARRAY /dev/md1 level=raid1 num-devices=2 UUID=1a87ce48:f0917a06:4120df55:7dfe1c95
devices=/dev/sdb1
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md1 : active raid1 sdb1[0]
2096384 blocks [2/1] [U_]
unused devices: <none>
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda7 965M 213M 703M 24% /
/dev/sda1 145M 12M 126M 9% /boot
/dev/shm 62M 0 62M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda9 7.9G 51M 7.4G 1% /home
/dev/md1 2.0G 36M 1.9G 2% /raid_disk
/dev/sda6 965M 18M 898M 2% /opt
/dev/sda2 487M 12M 450M 3% /tmp
/dev/sda3 7.6G 6.5G 737M 90% /usr
/dev/sda8 487M 157M 305M 34% /var
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]# mdadm --detail --scan
ARRAY /dev/md1 level=raid1 num-devices=2 UUID=1a87ce48:f0917a06:4120df55:7dfe1c95
devices=/dev/sdb1
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
▶ 추가된 새 디스크를 새로 파티셔닝 작업
[root@RAID-Sever ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-261, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-261, default 261):
Using default value 261
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): fd
Changed system type of partition 1 to fd (Linux raid autodetect)
Command (m for help): l
0 Empty 1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot
1 FAT12 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
6 FAT16 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
7 HPFS/NTFS 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee EFI GPT
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fd Linux raid auto
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fe LANstep
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid ff BBT
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 1 261 2096451 fd Linux raid autodetect
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
▶ mdadm 명령으로 새로 추가된 디스크를 노드에 재 삽입
[root@RAID-Sever ~]# mdadm /dev/md1 --add /dev/sdc1
mdadm: hot added /dev/sdc1
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda7 965M 213M 703M 24% /
/dev/sda1 145M 12M 126M 9% /boot
/dev/shm 62M 0 62M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda9 7.9G 51M 7.4G 1% /home
/dev/md1 2.0G 36M 1.9G 2% /raid_disk
/dev/sda6 965M 18M 898M 2% /opt
/dev/sda2 487M 12M 450M 3% /tmp
/dev/sda3 7.6G 6.5G 737M 90% /usr
/dev/sda8 487M 157M 305M 34% /var
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]# mdadm --detail --scan
ARRAY /dev/md1 level=raid1 num-devices=2 spares=1 UUID=1a87ce48:f0917a06:4120df55:7dfe1c95
devices=/dev/sdb1,/dev/sdc1
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
▶ 데이터가 제대로 기록되는지 확인
[root@RAID-Sever ~]#
[root@RAID-Sever ~]# touch /raid_disk/test
[root@RAID-Sever ~]# cd /raid_disk/
[root@RAID-Sever raid_disk]# ll
합계 20
drwx------ 2 root root 16384 12월 21 08:43 lost+found
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 12월 21 09:14 test
[root@RAID-Sever raid_disk]#
[root@RAID-Sever raid_disk]#
[root@RAID-Sever raid_disk]# export LANG=C
[root@RAID-Sever raid_disk]#
[root@RAID-Sever raid_disk]# ll
total 20
drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Dec 21 08:43 lost+found
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Dec 21 09:14 test
[root@RAID-Sever raid_disk]# clear
[root@RAID-Sever raid_disk]# ls -la
total 32
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Dec 21 09:14 .
drwxr-xr-x 26 root root 4096 Dec 21 09:04 ..
drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Dec 21 08:43 lost+found
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Dec 21 09:14 test
[root@RAID-Sever raid_disk]#
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